70.205 [B&F: 1884] Magpie Abraxas grossulariata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Common

Common on moorland, in gardens and allotments throughout much of the British Isles. In Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight widespread, but far less common than in the past - it used to be a common garden moth throughout the region. Wingspan 42-48 mm. Unmistakable. Larva feeds on Heather, Blackthorn, Hawthorn, Hazel, Black Currant, Red Currant, Gooseberry and Spindle.

Record Details

VC10: Freshwater Bay, one, 12 Jul; one, 01 Aug (SDav); Freshwater, one, 02 Jul (PBard); Speedwell, Cranmore, NF, larva, one, field obs., on Alder Buckthorn, 18 Jun (AMD); Walter's Copse, Newtown, one, 26 Jun (PBard); Parkhurst, three, 19 Jul (TJN, IMer, DCoo, LFom); Whitwell Road, Ventnor, one, 31 Jul (MGT); Shanklin, three, 24 Jun; one, 14 Jul; four, 23 Jul; two, 24 Jul; seven, 29 Jul; one, 30 Jul; one, 31 Jul (IOu); Bembridge Marsh, one, field obs., 30 Jun (PBard);

VC11: Broughton, two, 29 Jul; two, 29 Jul; Ashley, two, 07 Aug; Little Somborne, one, 09 Aug (GCE); Sparsholt Equine Centre, one, field obs., 24 Aug (VWalk det. Unkn.); Brownwich Cliffs, Titchfield, three, 26 Jul; five, 16 Aug (F.M.G.); Funtley, one, 23 Jul (TDC); Fareham, one, 22 Jun; one, 26 Jun (ADT); Botley, one, 13 Aug (SLB); Dean, Bishop's Waltham, present, 21 Jun; present, 25 Jun; present, 29 Jun; present, 13 Jul; present, 18 Jul; present, 30 Jul; present, 01 Aug; present, 12 Aug (CMor); Bishops Waltham, one, field obs., 23 Aug; Dundridge, one, field obs., 17 Jul (DTru); Wickham, one, 28 Jun (JRDS); Portchester, one, 24 Jun (DH-J); Portsmouth, one, 19 Jul (IRT); Lovedean, one, 17 Jun; one, 18 Jun; one, 22 Jun; one, 23 Jun; one, 25 Jun; one, 26 Jun (ARJa); Hurn, one, 31 Jul; one, 01 Aug; two, 02 Aug (MJef); Hengistbury Head NNR, one, 07 Aug (HengistH det. MJef); one, 09 Aug (BKin det. MJef); three, 12 Aug (MoTay det. MJef); one, 14 Aug (RPH); Hengistbury Head, nine, 30 Jul (MJef); Burton, nr Christchurch, one, 30 Jul (JStw); Browndown, one, 09 Aug (F.M.G.);

VC12: Shipton Bellinger, two, field obs., 14 Aug (TDCh); Cholderton, present, 06 Jul; one, 26 Jul (TJN); Wherwell, two, 26 Aug; one, 26 Aug (GCE); Stockbridge Down, seven, 01 Aug (MEdg); Anna Valley, Andover, one, 11 Aug (TJN); Wherwell, one, 21 Aug; Little Hatherden, two, 06 Aug; Newton Stacey, one, 03 Jul; two, 03 Jul; Wonston, one, 26 Jul; one, 26 Jul; Longparish, four, 30 Jul; Cole Henley, one, 10 Aug; two, 10 Aug; one, 10 Aug; three, 10 Aug; one, 10 Aug (GCE); Magdalen Hill Down NR, one, 13 Aug (AMD); Morn Hill, Winchester, one, 17 Aug; one, 27 Aug (CRB, PDF, DAS, LHur); Cheriton, one, 30 Jul; one, 11 Aug (DAS); Tidgrove Warren,nr Overton, one, field obs., 11 Jul (ACB); Basingstoke, one, 09 Aug (MJW); Kings Furlong, Basingstoke, one, 31 Jul (DJJ); Mapledurwell, present, field obs., , 30 Aug (MNew); Chawton, two, 01 Aug (DAS)

70.206 [B&F: 1885] Clouded Magpie Abraxas sylvata (Scopoli, 1763) - Local

Local in woodland, in England, Wales and Ireland, but sparsely distributed. In Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight only two breeding colonies are known, in Parkhurst Forest on the Island and in Ashford Hangers on the mainland, but single specimens turn up from time to time all over the area. Wingspan 38-44 mm. Unmistakable. Larva feeds on Wych Elm and English Elm, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Details

VC10: Shanklin, two, 30 Jul; one, 29 Jul; four, 30 Jul; one, 31 Jul; two, 17 Aug; two, 18 Aug (IOu)

70.207 [B&F: 1887] Clouded Border Lomaspilis marginata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Common

Common in woodland, marshes, river-banks and heathland throughout the British Isles. Widespread and common in Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight. Wingspan 24-28 mm. Unmistakable. Larva feeds on Aspen, Poplar, Sallow, Willow and Hazel, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Summary

VC10: Earliest: Shanklin, 06 May, 1 (IOu) Latest: Freshwater Bay, 01 Aug, 1 (SDav) Max count: Haseley Manor, 16 Jun, 5 (IOu)

VC11: Earliest: Titchfield, 24 Apr, 1 (IHrg) Latest: Stockbridge Down NT, 28 Aug, 1 (GCE) Max count: Waterlooville, 28 Jun, 7 (DWhe)

VC12: Earliest: Morn Hill, Winchester, 03 May, 1 (CRB,DAS,PDF) Latest: Testside Lakes, Leckford, 29 Aug, 4 (GCE) Max count: Leckford Estate, 19 Jul, 13 (GCE)

70.208 [B&F: 1888] Scorched Carpet Ligdia adustata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) - Local

Local in broad-leaved woodland, scrub, hedgerows and gardens throughout much of southern England, especially where there are calcareous soils. In Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight widely distributed, mainly on the chalk but also in the New Forest, and in gardens. Wingspan 25-30 mm. Unmistakable. Larva feeds on Spindle, and on Evergreen Spindle in gardens, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Summary

VC10: Earliest: Bonchurch, 30 Apr, 1 (JHa) Latest: Whitwell Road, Ventnor, 02 Aug, 1 (MGT) Max count: Osborne Wood, 28 Jul, 2 (IOu)

VC11: Earliest: Funtley, 05 Apr, 1 (TDC) Latest: Brockwood, 28 Aug, 1 (SDut) Max count: Winter Down Copse, Little Somborne, 17 Jul, 3 (GCE)

VC12: Earliest: Ecchinswell, 07 Apr, 1 (MJN) Latest: Magdalen Hill Down NR, 13 Aug, 1 (AMD) Max count: Morn Hill, Winchester, 18 Jul, 6 (CRB,DAS,PDF,LHur)

70.209 [B&F: 1888b] Ringed Border Stegania cararia (Hübner, 1790) - Vagrant/Accidental

A rare but increasing immigrant from continental Europe (a local species with a wide distribution from France eastwards across Russia), which first appeared on Jersey in 1981. First recorded in mainland Britain in Somerset in July 2009, and the first record in our area was of one in Southsea, Hampshire in July 2010. Breeding was confirmed in Kent in 2017, and it is now known to be resident in at least three broad localities in that county, particularly in the Folkestone/Hythe area. With multiple individuals reported from the Osborne area of the Isle of Wight in 2022, a local colony must now be established in our area, and there is no reason to suspect that the range of this species will not increase.

Wingspan 20-23mm. Difficult to mistake with any other species. The larval foodplant is Populus sp.

Record Details

VC10: Osborne Wood, two, 28 Jul (IOu);

VC11: Winchester, one, at light in Winchester over the w/e 30th June to 1st July 2024 - specimen in county collection, 30 Jun (PAB det. RJD);

VC12: St Giles Cemetery, Winchester, one, 29 Jun (PAB)

70.211 [B&F: 1889] Peacock Moth Macaria notata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Local

Local in broad-leaved woodland and scrubby heathland throughout much of southern England, north-western England and western Scotland. In Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight fairly common throughout, and often very common in birch woodland. Wingspan 28-32 mm. The main confusion species is Sharp-angled Peacock M. alternata, which see. Larva feeds on Birch and Sallow, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Details

VC10: Shanklin, one, 11 May; one, 29 Jul; one, 30 Jul; Osborne Wood, one, 28 Jul (IOu);

VC11: Brockwood, one, 28 Aug (SDut); Blashford Lakes HIWWT NR, one, 03 Aug (PWhtk); Linford Bottom, two, 05 Aug (CLew); Hale, Fordingbridge, present, , 04 May; Hale Purlieu, NF, present, 04 May; present, , 24 May (JPuz); Burley, NF, one, field obs., 03 May (AMD); North Baddesley, one, 05 May (RWPas); East Tytherley, two, 27 Jul (GCE); Romsey, one, 31 Jul (MJB); one, 10 May; one, 16 May; one, 18 May; one, 21 May; one, 29 Jul (NRJ); Dibden Purlieu, NF, one, 18 May; Dibden Purlieu, one, 03 Aug (RAC); #REF!#REF!Botley Wood, one, 05 Aug (AMD); Stubbington, one, 17 May (DPH); Pigeon House Coppice, Boarhunt, one, 10 May (F.M.G.); Botley, one, 12 May (SLB); Waterlooville, one, 30 Apr; one, 28 Jul; two, 01 Aug; two, 04 Aug; two, 07 Aug; three, 09 Aug; four, 11 Aug; two, 13 Aug; one, 17 Aug; one, 26 Aug (DWhe); Southleigh Forest, 12, 16 May (CGree det. HMun); Merritown Heath, three, 17 Aug (DFoo); Hurn, one, 23 May; one, 29 Jul; two, 01 Aug; one, 11 Aug; one, 26 Aug (MJef); Stanpit Marsh LNR, one, 13 Aug (PAB); Lymington, NF, one, field obs., 11 Aug (SMcF); one, 07 May (JWar);

VC12: Stockbridge Down, one, 01 Aug (MEdg); Goodworth Clatford, one, 28 Jul; one, 12 May; one, 14 Jul; one, 28 Jul; one, 28 Jul; Wherwell, one, 28 Jul (GCE); Great Haughurst Copse, Axmansford, two, 28 May (ACB); Upper Inhams Copse, Pamber Forest, one, 16 Jul; two, 31 Jul; one, 01 Sep (GJD); Silchester Common, one, field obs., 25 May (TDC); Whitehill, Bordon, one, 30 Jul; one, 31 Jul (ASto); Hammer Vale, Woolmer, one, 05 Aug; one, 13 Aug; one, 19 Aug (ASwa);

70.212 [B&F: 1890] Sharp-angled Peacock Macaria alternata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) - Local

Local in broad-leaved woodland, scrubby heathland and sand-dunes throughout much of England, more commonly in the south. In Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight fairly common throughout, being the rather more common of the two similar Macaria species. Wingspan 27-32 mm. The main confusion species is Peacock Moth M. notata, but in M. alternata there is usually an indistinct grey band running through the blotch in the centre of the forewing, across both forewing and hindwing, and the apical markings are bolder, accentuating the more pointed apex and deeper notch in the termen. Larva feeds on Sallow, Blackthorn, Sea Buckthorn and Alder, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Summary

VC10: Earliest: Ningwood Common, 17 May, 0 (HMak) Latest: Shanklin, 03 Sep, 1 (IOu) Max count: Shanklin, 30 Jul, 7 (IOu)

VC11: Earliest: Waterlooville, 30 Apr, 1 (DWhe) Latest: Sway, 28 Aug, 1 (SKee) Max count: Hurn, 12 May, 9 (MJef)

VC12: Earliest: Upper Inhams Copse, Pamber Forest, 11 Apr, 1 (GJD) Latest: Anna Valley, Andover, 18 Aug, 1 (TJN) Max count: Upper Inhams Copse, Pamber Forest, 31 Jul, 16 (GJD)

70.214 [B&F: 1893] Tawny-barred Angle Macaria liturata (Clerck, 1759) - Common

Common in coniferous woodland, plantations and gardens throughout the British Isles. Widespread and common in Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight. Wingspan 28-34 mm. Worn specimens could be misidentified as Dusky Peacock M. signaria, an extremely rare immigrant, which see. Larva feeds on various coniferous trees, including Scots Pine and Norway Spruce, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Summary

VC10: Earliest: Osborne Wood, 01 Jul, 4 (IOu) Latest: Osborne Wood, 28 Jul, 1 (IOu) Max count: Osborne Wood, 01 Jul, 4 (IOu)

VC11: Earliest: Botley Wood, 15 Mar, 1 (F.M.G.) Latest: Waterlooville, 08 Sep, 1 (DWhe) Max count: Waterlooville, 27 Aug, 14 (DWhe)

VC12: Earliest: Grayshott, 29 Apr, 1 (THard) Latest: Grayshott, 28 Aug, 8 (THard) Max count: Grayshott, 28 Aug, 8 (THard)

70.218 [B&F: 1894] Latticed Heath Chiasmia clathrata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Ireland only

Common in farmland, gardens, calcareous grassland, acid heathland and moorland throughout most of the British Isles, a species of conservation concern under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan. In Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight quite common on the chalk and in waste places with clover, and also found in clover crops. Wingspan 26-32 mm. Flies both by day, in warm sunshine, and at night. Although distinctive, it has been confused with Common Heath Ematurga atomaria, but only Latticed Heath has such conspicuous, black veins; there is a confusing black form alboguttata, which is best distinguished by the chequered fringes. Larva feeds on Hare's-foot Clover, White Clover, Red Clover, Bird's-foot Trefoil and Lucerne, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Details

VC10: Whitwell Road, Ventnor, one, field obs., 02 Jul (MGT); Shanklin, one, 12 Aug (IOu);

VC11: Ashley Heath, NF, one, field obs., 07 Jun (LHal); Fawley Inclosure, NF, one, field obs., 21 May (RAC); Hengistbury Head, one, 27 Aug (MJef)

70.221 [B&F: 1901] Little Thorn Cepphis advenaria (Hübner, 1790) - Nationally Scarce

Nationally scarce (Nb) in open woodland, woodland rides and scrub in southern England (Hampshire and adjoining counties) and from north Somerset up through Gloucestershire and Monmouthshire into Herefordshire, with a few isolated populations elsewhere in England and southern Ireland. In Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight local but quite frequent in many woodland localities. Wingspan 27-30 mm. Small size renders this 'thorn' fairly unmistakable. Larva feeds on Bramble, in neutral or basic habitats, or Bilberry in those which are acid, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Details

VC10: Brook, one, 21 Jun; Parkhurst Forest, one, field obs., 21 May (IOu); Bonchurch, one, 22 May (JHa);

VC11: Marchwood, one, 19 May (TDCh); Cromarty Pond area, Lord's Hill, two, field obs., 17 May (JClx); Titchfield Common, two, 17 May; Pigeon House Coppice, Boarhunt, two, 10 May (F.M.G.); Wickham, one, 21 May (JRDS); Sway, one, 12 May (SKee);

VC12: Pamber Forest, two, field obs., 24 May (GJD)

70.222 [B&F: 1902] Brown Silver-line Petrophora chlorosata (Scopoli, 1763) - Common

Common wherever there is bracken, in woodland, heathland and moorland throughout much of the British Isles. In Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight extremely common amongst bracken everywhere - in fact one of the few species of insect that feeds on this plant. Well-recorded as it is easily disturbed by day. Wingspan 31-37 mm. Fairly unmistakable. Larva feeds on Bracken, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Summary

VC10: Earliest: Little Duxmore, 29 Apr, 0 (HMak) Latest: Shanklin, 30 May, 1 (IOu) Max count: Munsley Bog, Godshill, 16 May, 2 (IOu)

VC11: Earliest: Hengistbury Head, 05 Apr, 1 (MJef) Latest: Howen Bottom, NF, 22 Jul, 1 (AMD) Max count: Hengistbury Head NNR, 15 May, 22 (MJef)

VC12: Earliest: Whitehill, Bordon, 05 May, 1 (ASto) Latest: Magdalen Hill Down NNR, 07 Aug, 1 (BryJon) Max count: Pamber Forest, 20 May, 20 (GJD)

70.223 [B&F: 1903] Barred Umber Plagodis pulveraria (Linnaeus, 1758) - Local

Local in ancient broad-leaved woodland and on limestone pavements throughout much of the British Isles. In Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight widely distributed but somewhat scarce, in surviving areas of mature deciduous woodland. Wingspan 32-38 mm. Fairly unmistakable. Larva feeds on Hazel, Downy Birch, Silver Birch, Sallow and Hawthorn, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Details

VC11: Winter Down Copse, Little Somborne, one, 18 May; one, 18 May (GCE); Fareham, one, 18 May (MLO); Pigeon House Coppice, Boarhunt, one, 10 May (F.M.G.); Waterlooville, one, 17 May (DWhe);

VC12: Upper Inhams Copse, Pamber Forest, one, 14 May (GJD); Hammer Vale, Woolmer, one, 14 May (ASwa)

70.224 [B&F: 1904] Scorched Wing Plagodis dolabraria (Linnaeus, 1767) - Local

Local in broad-leaved woodland, scrub, parks and gardens throughout the British Isles; widespread and common in Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. Wingspan 34-38 mm. Unmistakable. Larva feeds on Oak, and a number of other deciduous trees, including Downy and Silver Birch, Sallow and Beech, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Summary

VC10: Earliest: Shanklin, 11 May, 1 (IOu) Latest: Parkhurst Forest, 03 Jul, 2 (PBard) Max count: Freshwater, 23 Jun, 2 (PBard)

VC11: Earliest: Pig Bush, NF, 09 May, 1 (NRJ) Latest: Funtley, 01 Aug, 2 (TDC) Max count: Romsey, 01 Jun, 9 (NRJ)

VC12: Earliest: Goodworth Clatford, 12 May, 2 (GCE) Latest: Grayshott, 02 Jul, 2 (THard) Max count: Grayshott, 02 Jun, 5 (THard)

70.225 [B&F: 1905] Horse Chestnut Pachycnemia hippocastanaria (Hübner, [1799]) - Nationally Scarce

Nationally scarce (Nb) in heathland in southern England (Hampshire and adjoining counties). In Hampshire a characteristic species of the heathlands of the New Forest and north-east Hampshire, and occasionally recorded elsewhere in the county and along the north-western coast of the Isle of Wight. Wingspan 28-32 mm. Fairly unmistakable. Larva feeds on Heather and Cross-leaved Heath, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Details

VC10: Parkhurst, present, field obs., 19 Jul (TJN, IMer, DCoo, LFom);

VC11: Brockwood, one, 25 Mar (SDut); Linford Bottom, one, 05 Aug (CLew); Ogden's Purlieu, NF, present, frequent, 11 Jul (AMD); Hale Purlieu, NF, present, , 14 Apr (JPuz); Brockenhurst, one, 04 Aug (MWelf); Pig Bush, NF, three, 24 Jul (NRJ); Beaulieu Road, NF, two, at dusk, 18 Jul (AMD); Dibden Purlieu, NF, one, 02 Feb; one, 20 Jul; one, 02 Sep; Dibden Purlieu, one, 15 Sep (RAC); Merritown Heath, one, 29 Jun (DFoo); Hurn, one, 18 Mar; Hengistbury Head, two, 05 Apr; one, 26 Jun; one, 26 Jun; three, 26 Jun; one, 05 Apr; Hengistbury Head NNR, one, 05 Nov (MJef); Sway, one, 26 Jun; one, 12 Jul (SKee);

VC12: Testside Lakes, Leckford, one, photograph taken., 19 Jul (GCE); Whitehill, Bordon, one, 09 Feb; one, 14 Feb; one, 09 Mar; one, 12 Apr; one, 17 Jul; one, 18 Jul; one, 19 Jul; one, 20 Jul; one, 30 Jul; one, 31 Jul; one, 07 Aug (ASto); Hammer Vale, Woolmer, two, 10 Mar (ASwa); Farnborough, one, 19 Jul (MThmp)

70.226 [B&F: 1906] Brimstone Moth Opisthograptis luteolata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Common

Common in hedgerows, gardens, woodland, calcareous grassland and acid heathland throughout the British Isles; abundant throughout Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight. Wingspan 33-46 mm. Unmistakable, one of the commonest and most well-recorded geometers in the country. Larva feeds on Blackthorn, Hawthorn, Midland Hawthorn, Rowan and Wayfaring-tree, over-wintering as a pupa or small larva.

Record Summary

VC10: Earliest: Bonchurch, 12 Apr, 2 (JHa) Latest: Shanklin, 30 Oct, 1 (IOu) Max count: Shanklin, 31 Jul, 37 (IOu)

VC11: Earliest: Woolston, Southampton, 18 Mar, 1 (KPea) Latest: Waterlooville, 24 Oct, 1 (DWhe) Max count: Sway, 01 Sep, 49 (SKee)

VC12: Earliest: Whitehill, Bordon, 04 Apr, 1 (ASto) Latest: Testside Lakes, Leckford, 10 Nov, 1 (GCE) Max count: Anna Valley, Andover, 01 Sep, 34 (TJN)

70.227 [B&F: 1907] Bordered Beauty Epione repandaria (Hufnagel, 1767) - Common

Common in damp woodland rides and clearings, scrub, hedgerows and gardens throughout the British Isles. In Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight there have been relatively few recent records of this inhabitant of damp sallow thickets. Wingspan 28-31 mm. The main confusion species is Dark Bordered Beauty E. vespertaria, which differs chiefly in the distal edge of the subterminal fascia, which is parallel with the dorsum in E. vespertaria, but which meets the apex in E. repandaria. Larva feeds on Sallow, Black Poplar, Alder and Hazel, over-wintering as an egg.

Record Details

VC10: Freshwater, one, 27 Jun (PBard); Ningwood Common, present, 25 Jun; present, 25 Jun; present, 17 Jun; present, 20 Jun (HMak); Walter's Copse, Newtown, one, 26 Jun (PBard); Parkhurst, one, 19 Jul (TJN, IMer, DCoo, LFom); Shanklin, one, 29 Jul (IOu);

VC11: Avon Heath Country Park, one, 30 Jul; one, 06 Aug (CDaw); Blashford Lakes HIWWT NR, two, 29 Jun (PWhtk); one, 10 Jul (JMed); one, 16 Jul; one, 16 Jul; one, 27 Jul (PWhtk); Brockenhurst, one, 04 Aug (MWelf); Marchwood, one, 31 Jul (CTha); Cromarty Pond area, Lord's Hill, one, 02 Sep (JClx); East Tytherley, one, 27 Jul (GCE); Mottisfont Abbey NT, nr Romsey, one, 14 Jul; one, 30 Jul; one, 03 Aug (TSto); Romsey, one, 11 Aug (MJB); one, 01 Jul; one, 08 Aug (NRJ); Blackfied, two, to lighted window, one male. , 17 Jul (PGS); Itchen Valley C.P., one, 19 Jul (F.M.G.); Highbridge, Eastleigh, one, 02 Aug (SIng); Titchfield Common, one, 16 Aug (AShe); Titchfield Haven NNR, one, 13 Sep (F.M.G.); Stubbington, one, 17 Jul (DPH); Funtley, one, 20 Jul; one, 30 Jul (TDC); Botley, one, 03 Sep (SLB); Wickham, one, 29 Jul; one, 02 Aug (JRDS); Lovedean, one, 25 Jun; one, 26 Jun; one, 27 Jun; one, 18 Jul (ARJa); Merritown Heath, one, 29 Jun; present, 17 Aug (DFoo); Hurn, one, 24 Jul; one, 31 Jul (MJef); Christchurch: Cross Way, one, 31 Jul (LPyk); Hengistbury Head, one, 26 Jun (RPH det. MJef); Hengistbury Head NNR, one, 30 Jun (BKin det. MJef); one, 13 Jul; one, 06 Aug (HengistH det. MJef); Hengistbury Head, two, 30 Jul; one, 26 Jun; one, 26 Jun (MJef); Sway, one, 12 Jul; one, 07 Aug (SKee);

VC12: Leckford Estate, one, 19 Jul; Wherwell, one, 22 Jul (GCE); Anna Valley, Andover, one, 09 Aug (TJN); Whitehill, Bordon, one, 29 Jul; one, 30 Jul (ASto); Hammer Vale, Woolmer, one, 20 Sep (ASwa); Farnham, present, field obs., , 01 Aug (iNat); dead, present, indoors, 05 Aug; present, , 05 Aug (Bird); present, field obs., , 13 Aug (iNat); dead, present, indoors, 01 Sep; present, , 01 Sep (Bird); Fleet Pond: Fugelmere Marsh, one, 04 Jul (MHals)

70.229 [B&F: 1909] Speckled Yellow Pseudopanthera macularia (Linnaeus, 1758) - Common

Common in open woodland, scrubland and grassland throughout the British Isles. In Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight especially common away from the chalk in such areas as the New Forest, Harewood Forest, Pamber Forest, Odiham Common Broxhead Common Botley Wood and Ampfield Wood. Wingspan 28-30 mm. An unmistakable day-flying moth. Larva feeds on Wood Sage, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Summary

VC10: Earliest: Parkhurst Forest, 21 May, 1 (IOu) Max count: Parkhurst Forest, 21 May, 1 (IOu)

VC11: Earliest: Oxenbourne Down, 01 May, 1 (AdJon) Latest: Queen Elizabeth CP, 12 Jun, 1 (SJDa) Max count: Oxenbourne Down, 26 May, 25 (AdJon)

VC12: Earliest: Bramshott Common, 30 Apr, 1 (AGre) Latest: West Down, 05 Jun, 2 (AJon) Max count: Pamber Forest, 20 May, 39 (GJD)

70.230 [B&F: 1924] Orange Moth Angerona prunaria (Linnaeus, 1758) - Local

Local in broad-leaved woodland, scrubby heathland and mature hedgerows, throughout southern England; although still quite common in Hampshire and the Isle of Wight in a few mature woodlands, it is has disappeared from a number of former haunts. Wingspan 42-56 mm. Unmistakable, although somewhat variable. Larva feeds on various woody plants, including Blackthorn, Hawthorn, Birch, Heather, Broom and Traveller's-joy.

Record Details

VC10: Parkhurst Forest, one, 03 Jul (PBard);

VC11: Winter Down Copse, Little Somborne, three, 27 Jun; one, 27 Jun; three, 27 Jun; one, 27 Jun; three, 27 Jun (GCE); Dean, Bishop's Waltham, present, 25 Jun (CMor); #REF!#REF!Southleigh Forest, one, 04 Jul; South Holt Farm, NF, two, 20 Jun (CGree det. JPha);

VC12: Magdalen Hill Down NR, two, 23 Jun (AMD); Morn Hill, Winchester, one, var. corylari, 18 Jun (CRB,DAS,LHur,PDF); one, 22 Jun; two, 29 Jun (CRB,DAS,PDF); Pamber Forest, one, field obs., 09 Jun (GJD); Farnham, present, field obs., , 10 Jun; dead, present, indoors, 10 Jun (iNat det. Bird)

70.231 [B&F: 1910] Lilac Beauty Apeira syringaria (Linnaeus, 1758) - Local

Local in broad-leaved woodland, scrub and gardens throughout much of England, Wales and southern Scotland. In Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight widespread and not uncommon throughout, but thinly distributed and occurring only in small numbers. Wingspan 38-42 mm. Unmistakable. Larva feeds on Honeysuckle, Ash, Wild Privet and Garden Privet.

Record Details

VC10: West High Down quarries, one, 17 Sep (IOu);

VC11: Romsey, one, 19 Jun (MJB); Winter Down Copse, Little Somborne, one, 27 Jun (GCE);

VC12: Chilbolton, one, 02 Jul (GCE); Anna Valley, Andover, one, 01 Aug (TJN); Newton Stacey, one, 03 Jul (GCE); Overton, one, 18 Jun (FTu); Basingstoke, one, 02 Jun (MJW); Upper Inhams Copse, Pamber Forest, one, 26 Jun (GJD); Hammer Vale, Woolmer, one, 18 Jun (ASwa); Bucks Horn Oak, Alice Holt Forest, present, field obs., , 27 Jun (iNat)

70.232 [B&F: 1911] Large Thorn Ennomos autumnaria (Werneburg, 1859) - Nb

Nationally scarce (Nb) in broad-leaved woodland, scrub and gardens in parts of south-eastern England. In Hampshire largely confined to the extreme south-east corner of the county, on Hayling and Portsea Islands, with occasional wanderers elsewhere in the south of the county and on the Isle of Wight. Wingspan 49-64 mm. Speckled appearance and large size should preclude confusion with other 'thorns'. Larva feeds on various broad-leaved trees and shrubs, including Birch, Alder, Hazel, Hawthorn, Blackthorn and Poplar, over-wintering as an egg.

Record Details

VC11: Portsmouth, one, 26 Aug; three, 01 Sep (IRT)

70.233 [B&F: 1912] August Thorn Ennomos quercinaria (Hufnagel, 1767) - Local

Local in woodland, parks, hedgerows, scrubby downland and gardens throughout England and Wales, a species of conservation concern under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan. Widely distributed, but perhaps decreasing, in Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. Wingspan 42-50 mm. Probably easier to confuse with Dusky Thorn E. fuscantaria than September Thorn E. erosaria, which see, since a good proportion of August Thorn show dark shading between outer cross-line and outer edge of wing, the stated diagnostic feature for Dusky Thorn; the three species all show subtle differences in the way the outer cross-line meets the costa. Larva feeds on Pedunculate and Sessile Oak, over-wintering as an egg.

Record Details

VC11: East Tytherley, three, 27 Jul; one, 27 Jul (GCE); Copythorne, three, 19 Jul (JAda); North Baddesley, one, 17 Jul (RWPas); Broughton, one, photograph taken., 29 Jul; Winter Down Copse, Little Somborne, one, photograph taken., 17 Jul; two, photograph taken., 17 Jul (GCE); Highfield, southampton, one, 19 Jul (PWhit); Winchester, one, first record of the year., 12 Jul; one, photograph taken., 19 Jul; one, 02 Aug (THW); Weeke, Winchester, one, field obs., 31 Jul; Teg Down, Winchester, two, 29 Jul (HuWoo); Portchester, one, 03 Jul; two, 07 Jul; two, 10 Jul; two, 14 Jul; one, 17 Jul; one, 19 Jul; two, 23 Jul; one, 28 Jul; two, 31 Jul; one, 26 Aug (CEH, JGS); one, 30 Jun; five, 12 Jul; two, 14 Jul; one, 16 Jul; three, 18 Jul; two, 21 Jul; two, 26 Jul; two, 28 Jul; two, 30 Jul; four, 01 Aug; one, 03 Aug; one, 11 Aug; one, 16 Aug (DH-J); Portsmouth, one, 16 Jul; two, 17 Jul; two, 19 Jul; three, 24 Jul; one, 27 Jul; one, 29 Jul; one, 30 Jul; one, 01 Aug (IRT); Northney, Hayling Island, present, 21 Aug (JWP); Stroud, Petersfield, one, 18 Jul (RAll); Sway, NF, present, 01 Sep (DMui);

VC12: Cholderton, five, 26 Jul (TJN); Nether Wallop, one, 29 Jul; one, 29 Jul (GCE); Anna Valley, Andover, one, 17 Jul; one, 23 Jul (TJN); Goodworth Clatford, two, 3 traps, 03 Aug; two, 3 traps, 17 Aug (WLid, TJN, LFom det. TJN); Hatherden, one, photograph taken., 03 Sep; Barton Stacey, one, 30 Aug; Wonston, one, 26 Jul; one, 26 Jul; two, 26 Jul (GCE); Morn Hill, Winchester, one, 18 Jul (CRB,DAS,PDF,LHur); one, 28 Jul (CRB, DAS); two, 17 Aug (CRB, PDF, DAS, LHur); North Waltham, one, 29 Jul (AJon); Basingstoke, two, 16 Jul; one, 18 Jul; three, 23 Jul; one, 27 Jul; two, 28 Jul (MJW); Kings Furlong, Basingstoke, two, field obs., 11 Aug (DJJ det. GJD); Alton, one, 29 Aug (DBO); Chawton, one, 01 Aug (DAS); Windmill Hill, Chalton, one, 25 Jul; Selborne, one, 26 Jul; one, 17 Aug (CJP); Farnborough, one, 07 Aug (KBW);

70.234 [B&F: 1913] Canary-shouldered Thorn Ennomos alniaria (Linnaeus, 1758) - Common

Common in woodland, scrub, parks and gardens throughout the British Isles. Widespread and common in Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight. Wingspan 38-42 mm. Larva feeds on Downy and Silver Birch, Alder and Goat Willow.

Record Summary

VC10: Earliest: Shanklin, 23 Jul, 2 (IOu) Latest: Little Duxmore, 17 Sep, 0 (HMak) Max count: Shanklin, 28 Jul, 3 (IOu)

VC11: Earliest: Stubbington, 25 Jun, 1 (DPH) Latest: Waterlooville, 28 Sep, 1 (DWhe) Max count: Blashford Lakes HIWWT NR, 27 Jul, 5 (PWhtk)

VC12: Earliest: Farnborough, 11 Jul, 1 (MThmp) Latest: Upper Inhams Copse, Pamber Forest, 03 Oct, 1 (GJD) Max count: Grayshott, 10 Aug, 4 (THard)

70.235 [B&F: 1914] Dusky Thorn Ennomos fuscantaria (Haworth, 1809) - Common

Common in woodland, hedgerows and gardens throughout much of England, a species of conservation concern under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan. In Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight although described as 'common and widespread' in the 2001 county history, this species was identified by a well-publicised long-term Rothamsted survey as having undergone a 98 decline between 1970 and 2005. Looking at the population graph shown below, it would be true to say that the position of Dusky Thorn mirrored the national picture towards the end of the 1990s, but since then, the population seems to have exploded, and it is now found at higher numbers than at any time in the past four decades.
The reason for this increase remains unclear, and although it may perhaps be at least partially explained by greater recording effort since it's plight was revealed, this cannot be the whole story. Wingspan 38-42 mm. The most likely confusion species is August Thorn E. quercinaria, which also often has discal third of forewing darker, but in Dusky Thorn the two median fasciae converge at the dorsum more noticeable than they do in August Thorn, and the postmedian fascia is smoother and less kinked towards the costa in Dusky Thorn. Larva feeds on Ash, over-wintering as an egg.

Record Summary

VC10: Earliest: Little Duxmore, 30 Jul, 0 (HMak) Latest: Great Thorness, 22 Sep, 1 (BriJon) Max count: Freshwater Bay, 19 Sep, 10 (SDav)

VC11: Earliest: Allbrook, 23 Jul, 1 (SIng) Latest: Waterlooville, 07 Oct, 1 (DWhe) Max count: Romsey, 01 Sep, 12 (MJB)

VC12: Earliest: Longparish, 30 Jul, 2 (GCE) Latest: Magdalen Hill Down NR, 01 Oct, 1 (AMD) Max count: Anna Valley, Andover, 27 Aug, 13 (TJN)

70.236 [B&F: 1915] September Thorn Ennomos erosaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) - Common

Common in woodland, parks and gardens throughout much of England, spreading into Scotland, a species of conservation concern under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan. In Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight Common and widespread. Although the flight-time histogram shows a smooth curve of emergence, in most years there are two peaks, one in July and another, usually smaller, in September. Wingspan 38-42 mm. The most likely confusion species is August Thorn E. quercinaria, which has the antemedian fascia (the line nearest the base of the wing) acutely angled at the costa (almost straight in September Thorn). Larva feeds on Oak, Lime, Birch and Beech, over-wintering as an egg.

Record Summary

VC10: Earliest: Ningwood Common, 25 Jun, 0 (HMak) Latest: Freshwater Bay, 01 Aug, 1 (SDav) Max count: Parkhurst, 19 Jul, 8 (TJN, IMer, DCoo, LFom)

VC11: Earliest: Waterlooville, 21 Jun, 1 (DWhe) Latest: Sway, 24 Oct, 1 (SKee) Max count: Sway, 19 Jul, 17 (SKee)

VC12: Earliest: Great Haughurst Copse, Axmansford, 26 Jun, 1 (ACB) Latest: Pamber Forest, 15 Oct, 2 (GJD) Max count: Great Haughurst Copse, Axmansford, 19 Jul, 10 (ACB)

70.237 [B&F: 1917] Early Thorn Selenia dentaria (Fabricius, 1775) - Common

Common in woodland, scrub, hedgerows, parks and gardens, throughout the British Isles. Wingspan 40-51 mm. The second, summer generation smaller and brighter than the spring generation. Larva feeds on various woody plants, including Blackthorn, Hawthorn, Hazel, Downy and Silver Birch, Alder, Sallow, Honeysuckle and Bog-myrtle, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Summary

VC10: Earliest: Bonchurch, 19 Feb, 1 (JHa) Latest: Shanklin, 03 Sep, 1 (IOu) Max count: Shanklin, 17 Jul, 5 (IOu)

VC11: Earliest: Waterlooville, 07 Feb, 1 (DWhe) Latest: Titchfield Haven NNR, 13 Sep, 1 (F.M.G.) Max count: Pigeon House Coppice, Boarhunt, 12 Jul, 8 (F.M.G.)

VC12: Earliest: Hammer Vale, Woolmer, 10 Mar, 1 (ASwa) Latest: Selborne, 12 Sep, 1 (CJP) Max count: Upper Inhams Copse, Pamber Forest, 13 Jul, 3 (GJD)

70.239 [B&F: 1919] Purple Thorn Selenia tetralunaria (Hufnagel, 1767) - Common

Common in woodland, scrub, gardens and a wide range of other habitats throughout much of England, spreading into Scotland. In Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight Fairly common and widespread in all three vice-counties. Emerges in two well defined broods, peaking in April and July. Records before 1975 are few, so the graphs shown below are taken from this point forwards. Wingspan 46-52 mm. The most likely confusion species is Lunar Thorn Selenia lunularia, both share the same posture at rest, but Lunar Thorn has the postmedian line straighter, joining the costa closer to the base of the forewing, and lacks the dark spot near the dorsum on the hindwing of Purple Thorn. Larva feeds on various broad-leaved trees, including Hazel, Birch, Alder, Hawthorn and Oak, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Details

VC10: Shanklin, one, 12 Apr; one, 03 Aug; Osborne Wood, one, 01 Jul (IOu);

VC11: Hale Purlieu, NF, present, , 28 Jul (JPuz); Long Beech Inclosure, NF, one, 09 Aug (AShe); East Tytherley, two, 27 Jul; one, 27 Jul (GCE); Marchwood, one, 12 Jul (TDCh); East Tytherley, one, 27 Jul (GCE); Mottisfont Abbey NT, nr Romsey, one, 18 Jul (TSto); Winter Down Copse, Little Somborne, one, 17 Jul (GCE); Itchen Valley C.P., one, 19 Jul; Botley Wood, two, 22 Mar; one, 19 Apr (F.M.G.); Botley, one, 16 Jul; one, 01 Aug (SLB); Biddenfield, one, 04 Jul (CGree det. LLay); Dean, Bishop's Waltham, present, 30 Jul (CMor); Waterlooville, one, 11 Apr; one, 02 May; two, 07 Jul; four, 10 Jul; two, 15 Jul; three, 17 Jul; three, 28 Jul (DWhe); West Walk, 11, 12 Apr (F.M.G.); Lovedean, one, 01 Apr (ARJa); Hurn, one, 24 Jul; one, 31 Jul (MJef); Sway, one, 23 Jul; one, 18 Aug (SKee);

VC12: Goodworth Clatford, two, photograph taken., 14 Jul; one, 14 Jul; two, 14 Jul; one, 28 Jul; one, 28 Jul; Wherwell, one, 28 Jul; Tangley, one, 06 Aug; Little Hatherden, one, 06 Aug; Lower Wyke Farm, St Mary Bourne, one, 23 Jul; Barton Stacey, one, 12 Jul (GCE); Basingstoke, one, 29 Jul (RHil); Upper Inhams Copse, Pamber Forest, two, 13 Jul; two, 16 Jul; one, 24 Jul; one, 31 Jul; one, 12 Aug (GJD); Selborne, one, 26 Jul (CJP); Whitehill, Bordon, one, 08 Jul; one, 28 Jul; one, 30 Jul (ASto); Fleet, one, 12 Apr (MHals)

70.240 [B&F: 1920] Scalloped Hazel Odontopera bidentata (Clerck, 1759) - Common

Common in woodland, scrub, hedgerows, plantations, parks and gardens, throughout the British Isles. Wingspan 46-50 mm. Larva feeds on various woody plants, including Hazel, Silver and Downy Birch, Hawthorn, Blackthorn, Oak and some coniferous trees, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Details

VC10: Freshwater Bay, one, 24 May (SDav); Bonchurch, one, 22 May (JHa); Shanklin, one, 18 May (IOu);

VC11: Brockwood, one, 24 May (SDut); Marchwood, one, 11 May (TDCh); Mottisfont Abbey NT, nr Romsey, present, 19 May (TSto); Romsey, one, 05 May; one, 09 May (NRJ); Dibden Purlieu, NF, one, 16 May (RAC); Allbrook, one, 05 May; one, 15 May (SIng); Funtley, one, 15 May (TDC); Pigeon House Coppice, Boarhunt, one, 10 May (F.M.G.); Botley, one, 09 May (SLB); Dean, Bishop's Waltham, present, 12 May (CMor); Southleigh Forest, five, 16 May (CGree det. HMun); Horndean, one, 10 Jul (PHog); Hurn, one, 06 May; Hengistbury Head, one, 10 May; one, 10 May (MJef); Sway, one, 09 May; one, 11 May (SKee); Sway, NF, one, 04 May (DMui); Boldre, NF, one, 11 May (MHay);

VC12: Stockbridge Down, one, 01 Aug (MEdg); Goodworth Clatford, one, field obs., 11 May (TJN); Harewood Forest, one, 12 May; Goodworth Clatford, one, 12 May; one, 12 May (GCE); Grayshott, one, 24 May (THard); Morn Hill, Winchester, one, 18 May (CRB,DAS,LHur); Upper Inhams Copse, Pamber Forest, one, 14 May (GJD); Windmill Hill, Chalton, one, 28 May; Selborne, one, 11 May (CJP); Whitehill, Bordon, two, 30 Apr; one, 09 May (ASto); Hammer Vale, Woolmer, one, 12 May; one, 14 May; two, 18 May; one, 20 May (ASwa)

70.241 [B&F: 1921] Scalloped Oak Crocallis elinguaria (Linnaeus, 1758) - Common

Common in woodland, scrub, hedgerows, parks and gardens, throughout the British Isles. Wingspan 40-46 mm. Larva feeds on various broad-leaved trees and shrubs, including Hawthorn, Blackthorn, Downy and Silver Birch, Oak, Honeysuckle and Bilberry.

Record Summary

VC10: Earliest: Ningwood Common, 25 Jun, 0 (HMak) Latest: Totland, 13 Aug, 1 (AiSmi) Max count: Shanklin, 29 Jul, 3 (IOu)

VC11: Earliest: Hengistbury Head NNR, 15 Jun, 1 (MJef) Latest: Hengistbury Head, 27 Aug, 1 (MJef) Max count: Cromarty Pond area, Lord's Hill, 25 Jul, 4 (JClx)

VC12: Earliest: Upper Inhams Copse, Pamber Forest, 01 Jul, 1 (GJD) Latest: Grayshott, 10 Aug, 1 (THard) Max count: Anna Valley, Andover, 17 Jul, 4 (TJN)

70.243 [B&F: 1922] Swallow-tailed Moth Ourapteryx sambucaria (Linnaeus, 1758) - Common

Common in woodland, scrub, hedgerows, parks and gardens, throughout the British Isles. Wingspan 50-62 mm. One of the largest and most spectacular geometers. Larva feeds on woody plants such as Blackthorn, Hawthorn, Goat Willow, Black Currant, Elder, Horse Chestnut and Ivy.

Record Summary

VC10: Earliest: Compton Down, 23 Jun, 1 (PBard) Latest: Shanklin, 17 Jul, 1 (IOu) Max count: Osborne Wood, 01 Jul, 4 (IOu)

VC11: Earliest: Dibden Purlieu, 23 May, 1 (RAC) Latest: Horndean, 14 Oct, 1 (PHog) Max count: Romsey, 24 Jun, 5 (MJB)

VC12: Earliest: Alton, 20 Jun, 1 (DBO) Latest: Basingstoke, 02 Oct, 1 (MJW) Max count: Basingstoke, 26 Jun, 7 (MJW)

70.244 [B&F: 1923] Feathered Thorn Colotois pennaria (Linnaeus, 1761) - Common

Common in broad-leaved woodland, areas with scattered trees, parks and gardens, throughout the British Isles, but under-recorded due to its late flight season; well distributed and common in Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight. Wingspan 46-50 mm. Unmistakable. Larva feeds on various broad-leaved trees, including Oak, Hawthorn, Blackthorn, Apple, Dog-rose, Birch, Hazel, Willow and Poplar, over-wintering as an egg.

Record Summary

VC10: Earliest: Shanklin, 30 Oct, 2 (IOu) Latest: Shanklin, 01 Dec, 3 (IOu) Max count: Shanklin, 10 Nov, 9 (IOu)

VC11: Earliest: Waterlooville, 09 Oct, 1 (DWhe) Latest: Jane's Acre Wood, Hinton Ampner, 20 Dec, 0 (APS) Max count: Waterlooville, 24 Nov, 12 (DWhe)

VC12: Earliest: Great Haughurst Copse, Axmansford, 15 Oct, 2 (ACB) Latest: North Waltham, 30 Nov, 1 (AJon) Max count: Testside Lakes, Leckford, 10 Nov, 13 (GCE)

70.245 [B&F: 1663] March Moth Alsophila aescularia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) - Common

Common in open woodland, parks and gardens throughout the British Isles. Widespread and common in Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight. Wingspan male 34-38 mm, female wingless. Male has a distinctive resting posture and shape, with narrow, overlapping forewings and straight costa, giving the appearance of an arrow-head, and the forewing shows a distinct dentate subterminal fascia; the flightless female is very easy to overlook, but can be distinguished from other flightless females by the brown anal tuft and complete absence of wings. Larva feeds on numerous broad-leaved trees and shrubs, including Oak, Hawthorn, Blackthorn and Crab Apple, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Details

VC10: Whitwell Road, Ventnor, one, 11 Mar; two, 13 Mar; five, 19 Mar; 20, 21 Mar (MGT); Bonchurch, one, 27 Feb; two, 13 Mar; two, 16 Mar; two, 29 Mar; four, 30 Mar; one, 31 Mar; one, 11 Apr; one, 12 Apr; one, 13 Apr (JHa); Little Duxmore, present, 06 Mar; present, 13 Mar (HMak); Shanklin, one, 16 Mar; two, 17 Mar; two, 20 Mar; two, 31 Mar (IOu);

VC11: Blashford Lakes HIWWT NR, one, 20 Mar (JMed); Frogham, four, 10 Feb; six, 18 Feb; six, 27 Feb; 10, 03 Mar; five, 06 Mar; one, 13 Mar; one, 20 Mar (NTO); Marchwood, two, 06 Mar (TDCh); Romsey, one, 20 Mar (MJB); one, 13 Feb; two, 12 Mar; one, 17 Mar (NRJ); Dibden Purlieu, NF, two, 03 Feb; Dibden Purlieu, one, 09 Feb; one, 14 Feb; one, 15 Feb; one, 16 Feb; one, 16 Feb (RAC); Woolston, Southampton, one, 22 Mar (KPea); Allbrook, one, 08 Mar (SIng); Botley Wood, one, 16 Feb; two, 15 Mar (F.M.G.); Funtley, two, 15 Feb; one, 16 Mar (TDC); Fareham, one, 13 Mar (MLO); Botley, one, 27 Feb; one, 05 Mar; one, 25 Apr; one, 31 Mar (SLB); Dean, Bishop's Waltham, present, 12 Apr (CMor); Waterlooville, one, 20 Mar (DWhe); West Walk, two, 12 Apr (F.M.G.); Lovedean, one, 29 Mar (ARJa); Horndean, one, 20 Mar (PHog); Stroud, Petersfield, one, 15 Feb (RAll); Hurn, one, 18 Mar (MJef); Christchurch: Cross Way, one, 03 Mar; one, 06 Mar (LPyk); Burton, nr Christchurch, three, 27 Feb; one, 29 Mar (JStw); Sway, one, 16 Feb; two, 20 Mar (SKee);

VC12: North Waltham, one, 30 Mar (AJon); Upper Inhams Copse, Pamber Forest, one, 15 Feb; one, 10 Mar (GJD); Alton, one, 11 Mar (DBO); Chawton House, Alton, four, 13 Mar (DAS); Whitehill, Bordon, one, 18 Feb; one, 28 Feb; two, 16 Mar; one, 20 Mar (ASto); Hammer Vale, Woolmer, one, 02 Feb; two, 12 Mar; one, 29 Mar (ASwa); Farnham, dead, present, indoors, 28 Feb; present, , 28 Feb; dead, present, indoors, 01 Mar; present, , 01 Mar (Bird); Fleet, one, 13 Feb; two, 14 Feb; one, 17 Feb; Fleet Pond: Fugelmere Marsh, one, 19 Mar (MHals); Queen Elizabeth Park, Farnborough, two, 12 Mar (VRog); Farnborough, one, 18 Feb; one, 28 Feb; one, 17 Mar; one, 20 Mar; one, 29 Mar (KBW);

70.246 [B&F: 1925] Small Brindled Beauty Apocheima hispidaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) - Local

Local in oak woodland and mature hedgerows throughout much of England and Wales, less frequently in the north. In Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight common and widespread, but with a very short flight season, the date of which is subject to the prevailing early spring weather, it may go under-recorded in some years. Wingspan male 35-37 mm, female wingless. For females, the main confusion species is Pale Brindled Beauty Phigalia pilosaria, for males, Brindled Beauty Lycia hirtaria, which see. Larva feeds on various deciduous trees, including Oak, Hawthorn, Silver Birch, Hazel, Elm, Hornbeam and Sweet Chestnut, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Details

VC10: Little Duxmore, present, 13 Mar (HMak);

VC11: Blashford Lakes HIWWT NR, one, 28 Feb (JMed); Frogham, 11, 10 Feb; four, 27 Feb; one, 03 Mar; one, 06 Mar; one, 29 Feb 29 Feb (NTO); North Baddesley, one, 15 Mar (RWPas); Romsey, one, 04 Feb; two, 10 Feb (NRJ); Dibden Purlieu, one, 16 Feb (RAC); Allbrook, one, 02 Feb (SIng); Botley Wood, two, 16 Feb (F.M.G.); Funtley, one, 15 Feb; one, 16 Feb (TDC); West Walk, one, 08 Mar (F.M.G.); Lovedean, one, 15 Feb; one, 03 Mar (ARJa);

VC12: Chilbolton, one, 03 Feb; one, 16 Feb (GCE); North Waltham, one, 10 Feb; one, 18 Feb (AJon); Great Haughurst Copse, Axmansford, six, 02 Feb (ACB); Upper Inhams Copse, Pamber Forest, four, 15 Feb; three, 10 Mar (GJD); Alton, one, 14 Feb (DBO); Whitehill, Bordon, one, 14 Feb; one, 15 Feb (ASto); Hammer Vale, Woolmer, one, 09 Feb; one, 13 Feb; one, 15 Feb; one, 14 Mar (ASwa); Fleet, two, 14 Feb (MHals); Farnborough, one, first record for the garden, 15 Feb (KBW);

Fleet
14/02/2024
to light
Mike Halsey
Photo © Mike Halsey

Fleet
14/02/2024
to light
Mike Halsey
Photo © Mike Halsey

70.247 [B&F: 1926] Pale Brindled Beauty Phigalia pilosaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) - Common

Common in broad-leaved woodland, gardens, and areas with scattered trees throughout the British Isles. Widespread and common in Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight. Wingspan male 45-50 mm, female wingless. Males somewhat similar to Brindled Beauty Lycia hirtaria, but smaller and paler, and lacking the thick, black cross-lines of Brindled Beauty. Larva feeds on various broad-leaved trees and shrubs, including Hawthorn, Blackthorn, Downy and Silver Birch, Alder, Hazel, Goat Willow, Alder Buckthorn, Buckthorn and Lime.

Record Summary

VC10: Earliest: Bonchurch, 30 Jan, 1 (JHa) Latest: Shanklin, 18 Feb, 1 (IOu) Max count: Bonchurch, 30 Jan, 1 (JHa)

VC11: Earliest: Stroud, Petersfield, 03 Jan, 1 (RAll) Latest: Stroud, Petersfield, 30 Dec, 1 (RAll) Max count: Romsey, 03 Feb, 41 (NRJ)

VC12: Earliest: North Waltham, 24 Jan, 1 (AJon) Latest: Hammer Vale, Woolmer, 30 Dec, 1 (ASwa) Max count: Great Haughurst Copse, Axmansford, 02 Feb, 16 (ACB)

70.248 [B&F: 1927] Brindled Beauty Lycia hirtaria (Clerck, 1759) - Common

Common in broad-leaved woodland, scrub, hedgerows, parks and gardens throughout England, Wales and southern Scotland, a species of conservation concern under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan. In Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight widespread, but only found in numbers in mature oak woodland, and much less numerously than in the past. Wingspan 42-52 mm. The male is most likely to be confused with Pale Brindled Beauty Phigalia pilosaria, from which readily distinguished by the prominent black cross-lines of Brindled Beauty. Larva feeds on various broad-leaved trees and shrubs, including Birch, Hawthorn, Alder, Sallow, Oak, Elm and Lime, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Summary

VC10: Earliest: Shanklin, 10 Mar, 1 (IOu) Latest: Bonchurch, 30 Apr, 1 (JHa) Max count: Shanklin, 12 Apr, 6 (IOu)

VC11: Earliest: Sway, 10 Mar, 1 (SKee) Latest: Ringwood, 06 Jun, 1 (LTho) Max count: Romsey, 13 Apr, 24 (NRJ)

VC12: Earliest: Farnborough, 15 Mar, 1 (MThmp) Latest: Grayshott, 02 Jun, 1 (THard) Max count: Great Haughurst Copse, Axmansford, 12 Apr, 7 (ACB)

70.251 [B&F: 1930] Oak Beauty Biston strataria (Hufnagel, 1767) - Common

Common in oak woodland, gardens, and areas with scattered trees throughout England and southern Scotland. Widespread and common in Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight. Wingspan 51-56 mm. Larva feeds on various broad-leaved trees and shrubs, including Oak, Hazel, Aspen, Alder and Elm.

Record Summary

VC10: Earliest: Shanklin, 01 Feb, 2 (IOu) Latest: Bonchurch, 31 Mar, 1 (JHa) Max count: Shanklin, 10 Mar, 3 (IOu)

VC11: Earliest: Sway, 22 Jan, 1 (SKee) Latest: Bunstead, nr Winchester, 29 Feb 2, 0 (iNat) Max count: Waterlooville, 13 Mar, 15 (DWhe)

VC12: Earliest: Great Haughurst Copse, Axmansford, 02 Feb, 3 (ACB) Latest: Chilbolton, 06 Apr, 1 (GCE) Max count: Upper Inhams Copse, Pamber Forest, 10 Mar, 9 (GJD)

70.252 [B&F: 1931] Peppered Moth Biston betularia (Linnaeus, 1758) - Common

Common in woodland, scrub, hedgerows, parks and gardens throughout the British Isles. Widespread and common in Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight. Wingspan 45-62 mm. In the past, dark forms predominated in urban areas. Larva feeds on many different types of tree and shrub, including Blackthorn, Hawthorn, Birch and Lime, and some herbaceous plants, including Mugwort and Goldenrod, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Summary

VC10: Earliest: Freshwater Bay, 08 May, 1 (SDav) Latest: Shanklin, 12 Aug, 1 (IOu) Max count: Shanklin, 30 Jul, 5 (IOu)

VC11: Earliest: St Georges Drive, Bransgore, 12 Apr, 1 (SPMC) Latest: Sway, 28 Aug, 1 (SKee) Max count: Allbrook, 27 Jun, 6 (SIng)

VC12: Earliest: Chilbolton, 30 Apr, 1 (GCE) Latest: Chawton, 05 Sep, 1 (DAS) Max count: Whitehill, Bordon, 02 Jun, 4 (ASto)

70.253 [B&F: 1932] Spring Usher Agriopis leucophaearia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) - Common

Common in deciduous, especially oak, woodland, mature hedgerows, parks and gardens throughout the British Isles. Widespread and reasonably common in Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight. Wingspan male 31-37 mm, female wingless. Much more delicate than the superficially similar Mottled Umber Erannis defoliaria. Larva feeds on Pedunculate and Sessile Oak, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Details

VC10: Shanklin, one, 03 Feb (IOu);

VC11: Brockwood, one, 29 Jan (SDut); Frogham, one, 14 Jan; two, 26 Jan; four, 28 Jan; 50, 30 Jan; one, 01 Feb; four, 03 Feb; six, 04 Feb; three, 09 Feb; 12, 10 Feb; one, 18 Feb (NTO); Ashurst, NF, three, 15 Feb (SAB); Romsey, one, 02 Feb; one, 04 Feb; one, 10 Feb (MJB); 20, 30 Jan; 67, 02 Feb; 71, 03 Feb; 55, 04 Feb; 10, 10 Feb; two, 13 Feb; one, 24 Dec (NRJ); Dibden Purlieu, NF, one, 02 Feb (RAC); Woolston, Southampton, one, 14 Feb (KPea); Allbrook, one, 28 Jan; one, 02 Feb; two, 03 Feb; three, 05 Feb; one, 15 Feb (SIng); Botley Wood, present, at dusk, 05 Feb (AMD); one, resting on Birch trunk, 26 Jan; four, 16 Feb (F.M.G.); Funtley, one, 10 Feb; two, 15 Feb; one, 16 Feb (TDC); Fareham, one, 02 Feb (ADT); one, 03 Feb (MLO); Botley, one, 15 Feb; one, 09 Feb; two, 11 Feb (SLB); Portchester, one, 04 Feb (DH-J); Waterlooville, one, 24 Jan; one, 27 Jan; three, 28 Jan; two, 29 Jan; one, 31 Jan; two, 02 Feb; three, 07 Feb; seven, 09 Feb (DWhe); West Walk, four, 02 Feb (F.M.G.); Lovedean, one, 15 Feb (ARJa); Horndean, one, 09 Feb (PHog); Stroud, Petersfield, one, 24 Jan; one, 29 Jan; present, 30 Jan; present, 12 Feb (RAll); Sway, one, 22 Jan; one, 31 Jan; one, 03 Feb; three, 09 Feb; two, 10 Feb; one, 15 Feb; one, 16 Feb (SKee);

VC12: Wherwell, two, 02 Feb; four, 02 Feb; three, 02 Feb; Chilbolton, one, 28 Jan; one, 30 Jan; four, 03 Feb (GCE); North Waltham, one, 28 Jan; one, 18 Feb (AJon); Great Haughurst Copse, Axmansford, 67, 02 Feb (ACB); Basingstoke, one, 28 Jan (MJW); Upper Inhams Copse, Pamber Forest, two, 15 Feb (GJD); Whitehill, Bordon, two, 30 Jan; one, 02 Feb; three, 03 Feb; one, 15 Feb (ASto); Hammer Vale, Woolmer, one, 22 Jan; one, 02 Feb; two, 09 Feb; one, 17 Feb (ASwa); Farnham, present, field obs., , 10 Feb (iNat); Fleet, three, 15 Feb (MHals); Farnborough, two, 24 Jan; two, 29 Jan (KBW);

70.254 [B&F: 1933] Scarce Umber Agriopis aurantiaria (Hübner, [1799]) - Common

Common despite its name, in broad-leaved woodland, scrub and gardens throughout the British Isles. In Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight widespread and fairly common, although no doubt under-recorded due to its late season. Wingspan male 40-44 mm, female wingless. The main confusion species is Mottled Umber Erannis defoliaria, from which male Scarce Umber is perhaps most reliably separated by its rounded termen and more open apical angle, but in most cases the uniformly orange-yellow forewing of Scarce Umber distinguishes from the very much more variable Mottled Umber; female Scarce Umber has short wing stumps, absent in Mottled Umber. Larva feeds on numerous broad-leaved trees and shrubs, over-wintering as an egg.

Record Details

VC12: Pamber Forest, two, 08 Nov; one, 01 Dec (GJD)

70.255 [B&F: 1934] Dotted Border Agriopis marginaria (Fabricius, [1777]) - Common

Common in woodland, scrub, hedgerows, gardens, heathland and moorland throughout the British Isles. Widespread and common in Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight. Wingspan male 36-42 mm, female flightless; principal confusion species are Mottled Umber Erannis defoliaria, which lacks row of dark spots on termen, and Scarce Umber A. aurantiaria, which differs in wing shape and is always golden yellow; Dotted Border ab. fuscata is plain brown. Larva feeds on various broad-leaved trees and shrubs, including Pedunculate and Sessile Oak, Hawthorn, Blackthorn, Downy and Silver Birch, Hazel, Willow, Elm, Sycamore, Apple, Plum and Heather, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Details

VC10: Whitwell Road, Ventnor, four, 13 Mar; one, 19 Mar (MGT); Bonchurch, one, 11 Mar; two, 13 Mar; one, 16 Mar; one, 31 Mar (JHa); Little Duxmore, present, 19 Feb (HMak); Shanklin, one, 03 Feb; two, 10 Feb; one, 15 Feb; two, 18 Feb; three, 10 Mar; one, 16 Mar; one, 17 Mar; one, 20 Mar (IOu);

VC11: Blashford Lakes HIWWT NR, one, 15 Feb (JMed); Frogham, four, 10 Feb; one, 18 Feb; one, 22 Feb; three, 27 Feb; one, 03 Mar; one, 06 Mar (NTO); Brockenhurst, one, field obs., 05 Mar (PDBk); Woodley, two, 01 May (NBin); Romsey, one, 03 Feb; two, 10 Feb; three, 13 Feb (NRJ); Dibden Purlieu, one, 09 Feb; one, 15 Feb (RAC); Blackfied, one, to lighted window, male. , 20 Feb (PGS); Sports Centre, Southampton, one, field obs., 19 Feb (PAB); Woolston, Southampton, one, 18 Feb (KPea); Swaythling, Southampton, one, 15 Feb; one, 16 Feb (MEdg); Sholing, one, 29 Jan; one, 31 Oct (ARC); Allbrook, one, 16 Feb; one, 18 Feb (SIng); Funtley, two, 14 Feb; two, 15 Feb (TDC); Botley, one, 15 Feb (SLB); Waterlooville, one, 09 Feb; two, 12 Feb; three, 14 Feb; one, 16 Feb; one, 18 Feb (DWhe); Lovedean, one, 15 Feb (ARJa); Stroud, Petersfield, one, 12 Feb; one, 16 Feb (RAll); Hengistbury Head NNR, two, 10 Mar (RPH); two, 20 Mar (MJef); one, 13 Apr; two, 17 Apr; two, 18 Apr (RPH); St Georges Drive, Bransgore, two, 19 Feb (SPMC); Sway, one, to lighted window, 14 Mar; one, 18 Mar; one, 11 Apr (SKee);

VC12: Grayshott, one, to artificial light, 23 Feb (THard); Wonston, one, 11 Apr (GCE); Morn Hill, Winchester, larva, one, field obs., 03 May (CRB,DAS,PDF); Basingstoke, one, 04 Feb; one, 14 Feb; one, 30 Nov (MJW); Upper Inhams Copse, Pamber Forest, two, 15 Feb (GJD); Chawton House, Alton, one, 13 Mar (DAS); Whitehill, Bordon, one, 15 Feb (ASto); Hammer Vale, Woolmer, one, 09 Feb; one, 15 Feb (ASwa); Fleet, one, 15 Feb (MHals); Farnborough, one, 18 Feb; one, 09 Mar (KBW);

70.256 [B&F: 1935] Mottled Umber Erannis defoliaria (Clerck, 1759) - Common

Common in woodland, scrub, hedgerows, grassland, heathland, moorland and gardens throughout the British Isles, at low altitudes in the north. Widespread and common in Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight. Wingspan male 40-45 mm, female wingless. Somewhat similar to Scarce Umber Agriopis aurantiaria and Dotted Border A. marginaria, which see for differences. Larva, formerly considered a pest, feeds on various broad-leaved trees and shrubs, including Oak, Birch, Hazel, Hawthorn, Blackthorn, Apple, Dog-rose, Sycamore, Hornbeam and Elm, over-wintering as an egg.

Record Summary

VC10: Earliest: Shanklin, 03 Jan, 1 (IOu) Latest: Little Duxmore, 12 Dec, 0 (HMak) Max count: Shanklin, 10 Nov, 3 (IOu)

VC11: Earliest: Stroud, Petersfield, 03 Jan, 1 (RAll) Latest: Waterlooville, 30 Dec, 1 (DWhe) Max count: Frogham, 05 Jan, 8 (NTO)

VC12: Earliest: Abbotts Wood Hill, Alice Holt, 23 Jan, 0 (PNan) Latest: Farnham, 31 Dec, 0 (Bird) Max count: Wellesley Water Meadow SANG, Heckfield, 10 May, 5 (MCal)

70.257 [B&F: 1936] Waved Umber Menophra abruptaria (Thunberg, 1792) - Common

Common in broad-leaved woodland, scrub, hedgerows, parks and gardens throughout England, less commonly in the north. Widespread and common in Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight. Wingspan 36-42 mm. Larva feeds on Privet and Ash, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Details

VC10: Freshwater Bay, one, 07 May (SDav); Bonchurch, one, 12 May (JHa); Little Duxmore, present, 29 Apr (HMak); Shanklin, three, 07 May (IOu);

VC11: North Poulner, Ringwood, present, , 13 Apr (ASho); Frogham, one, 07 May (NTO); Broughton, one, 09 May (GCE); Pig Bush, NF, one, 24 Jul (NRJ); Marchwood, one, 14 May (TDCh); Romsey, two, 07 May; one, 09 May (MJB); one, 10 May; one, 16 May (NRJ); Dibden Purlieu, one, 29 Mar; one, 29 Apr; Dibden Purlieu, NF, one, 30 Apr (RAC); Woolston, Southampton, one, 12 Apr (KPea); #REF!#REF!Chandlers Ford, one, 06 Aug (MWelf); Allbrook, one, 05 May; four, 07 May; three, 08 May; one, 15 May; one, 20 May; one, 30 May; one, 02 Jun (SIng); Titchfield Common, one, 17 May (F.M.G.); Stubbington, one, 05 Apr; one, 07 May; two, 11 May; one, 15 May; one, 17 May (DPH); Fareham, one, 30 Apr; one, 15 May (MLO); Pigeon House Coppice, Boarhunt, three, 10 May (F.M.G.); Botley, one, 07 May; one, 07 May; one, 19 May; one, 23 May (SLB); Dean, Bishop's Waltham, present, 12 Apr; present, 30 Apr; present, 12 May (CMor); Portchester, one, 10 May; one, 11 May (DH-J); Portsmouth, one, 15 May (IRT); Waterlooville, two, 07 May (DWhe); West Walk, four, 12 Apr (F.M.G.); Lovedean, one, 12 May; one, 19 May; one, 29 Jul (ARJa); Old Winchester Hill, one, 31 May (F.M.G.); Horndean, one, 05 Apr; one, 19 Apr; one, 28 Apr (PHog); South Holt Farm, NF, one, 07 May (CGree det. HMun); Hengistbury Head NNR, one, 23 May (RPH); one, 09 Aug (BKin det. MJef); Burton, nr Christchurch, one, 17 May (JStw); St Georges Drive, Bransgore, two, 12 Apr; one, to lighted window, 06 May (SPMC); Sway, one, 13 Apr; one, 06 May; two, 11 May; one, 06 Aug (SKee); Lymington, NF, one, 12 Apr; one, 14 May (JWar);

VC12: Chilbolton, one, 05 May (GCE); Anna Valley, Andover, one, 12 Apr; one, 30 Apr; one, 09 May (TJN); Grayshott, one, 13 Apr (THard); Wonston, one, 10 May; two, 10 May; Cole Henley, one, 07 May; one, 07 May (GCE); Magdalen Hill Down NR, one, 11 Apr; two, 12 May (AMD); Morn Hill, Winchester, one, 12 Apr (CRB,DAS,PDF,LHur); three, 03 May (CRB,DAS,PDF); two, 09 May (CRB, DAS); one, 18 May (CRB,DAS,LHur); North Waltham, one, 05 Apr; one, 12 Apr (AJon); Great Haughurst Copse, Axmansford, one, 28 May (ACB); Basingstoke, one, 15 May (MJW); Alton, one, 30 Apr (DBO); Noar Hill HIWWT NR, Selborne, present, several, 09 May (AMD, FHay det. AMD); Selborne, four, 11 May; one, 11 May (CJP); East Worldham, present, 05 May (RAng); Whitehill, Bordon, one, 20 Mar; two, 07 May; one, 12 May (ASto); Blacknest, Binstead, one, 13 Apr (MAng); Farnborough, one, 30 Apr (KBW);

70.258 [B&F: 1937] Willow Beauty Peribatodes rhomboidaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) - Common

Common in woodland, scrub, hedgerows, parks and gardens throughout England, Wales and southern Scotland. Widespread and common in Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight. Wingspan 40-48 mm. One of a number of confusingly similar species, including Feathered Beauty P. secundaria, Mottled Beauty Alcis repandata, Great Oak Beauty Hypomecis roboraria and Satin Beauty Deileptenia ribeata, which can be separated with care by their forewing markings. Larva feeds on Hawthorn, Plum, Privet, Silver and Downy Birch, Alder Buckthorn, Honeysuckle, Traveller's-joy and Ivy.

Record Summary

VC10: Earliest: Bonchurch, 07 May, 3 (JHa) Latest: Shanklin, 09 Oct, 1 (IOu) Max count: Shanklin, 31 Jul, 10 (IOu)

VC11: Earliest: Dibden Purlieu, 18 Apr, 1 (RAC) Latest: Dibden Purlieu, 06 Nov, 1 (RAC) Max count: Botley, 01 Sep, 16 (SLB)

VC12: Earliest: Farnborough, 05 May, 1 (MThmp) Latest: Basingstoke, 16 Oct, 1 (MJW) Max count: Farnborough, 03 Sep, 45 (KBW)

70.262 [B&F: 1938] Bordered Grey Selidosema brunnearia (Villers, 1789) - Ireland only

Nationally scarce, on heathland, moorland and sand-dunes in southern England (Hampshire and adjoining counties), with isolated populations in north-western England and western Scotland. Also occurs in Ireland (ssp. tyronensis). In Hampshire locally common on the heaths of the New Forest, and also on sand-dunes in south Hayling, with occasional wanderers elsewhere in the county and on the Isle of Wight. Wingspan 37-43 mm. Larva feeds on Heather and Common Bird's-foot Trefoil.

Record Details

VC11: Dibden Purlieu, one, 09 Aug (RAC); Wootton, NF, one, netted, 05 Aug (CLew)

70.263 [B&F: 1939] Ringed Carpet Cleora cinctaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) - Nationally Scarce

Nationally scarce (Na) on damp heathland in southern England (Hampshire and adjoining counties), and in bogs and mosses in Scotland and northern England (ssp. bowesi). In Hampshire a speciality of the New Forest, where the moth can be found resting on the small pines on the heaths during May. Not recorded from the Isle of Wight to date. Wingspan 36-42 mm. Fairly distinctive, with very straight costa and, often, a small pale elongated discal spot. Larva feeds on Silver Birch, Downy Birch, Bilberry, Bell Heather and Cross-leaved Heath, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Details

VC11: North Oakley Inclosure, NF, one, field obs., 15 May (AMD); Pig Bush, NF, one, 09 May (NRJ); Marchwood, one, 14 May (TDCh); Dibden Purlieu, one, 29 Apr; Dibden Purlieu, NF, one, 30 Apr; one, 10 May; one, 12 May (RAC); Hurn, one, 12 May; one, 14 May (MJef)

70.264 [B&F: 1940] Satin Beauty Deileptenia ribeata (Clerck, 1759) - Common

Common in coniferous woodland and plantations throughout much of the British Isles. In Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight widespread in woodland, but usually very uncommon. Wingspan 42-48 mm. The most likely confusion species is Mottled Beauty Alcis repandata. Larva feeds on Scots Pine, Yew, Norway Spruce, European Larch and Douglas Fir.

Record Details

VC10: Luccombe, one, 25 Jun (JWai);

VC12: Goodworth Clatford, one, 14 Jul (GCE)

70.265 [B&F: 1941] Mottled Beauty Alcis repandata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Unconfirmed

Common in woodland and hedgerows, moorland and heathland, calcareous grassland, parks and gardens throughout the British Isles. Widespread and common in Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight. Wingspan 43-56 mm. The main confusion species is Willow Beauty Peribatodes rhomboidaria, which differs principally in the two cross-line, converging at the dorsum in Willow Beauty, but not in Mottled Beauty. Larva polyphagous on a great many woody plants, including Oak, Birch, Ash, Hawthorn, Honeysuckle and Juniper.

Record Summary

VC10: Earliest: Ningwood Common, 02 Jun, 0 (HMak) Latest: Shanklin Upper Chine, 29 Jul, 1 (IOu) Max count: Osborne Wood, 01 Jul, 15 (IOu)

VC11: Earliest: Dibden Purlieu, 23 May, 1 (RAC) Latest: Romsey, 28 Aug, 1 (SRC) Max count: East Tytherley, 07 Jun, 12 (GCE)

VC12: Earliest: Stockbridge Down, 07 Jun, 1 (MEdg) Latest: Grayshott, 02 Aug, 8 (THard) Max count: Grayshott, 02 Aug, 8 (THard)

70.267 [B&F: 1943] Great Oak Beauty Hypomecis roboraria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) - Nb

Nationally scarce (Nb) in ancient woodland and mature oak woodland throughout much of southern England. In Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight a species of ancient woodlands, occurring in the New Forest and other large woods, but has declined in many places through habitat destruction. Wingspan 60-68 mm. The main confusion species is Pale Oak Beauty H. punctinalis, which differs in plain apex of underwing of forewing. Larva feeds on Pedunculate Oak.

Record Details

VC11: Hale Purlieu, NF, present, , 20 Jun (JPuz); East Tytherley, one, 07 Jun (GCE); Copythorne, one, 05 Jun (JAda); North Baddesley, one, 22 Jun (RWPas); East Tytherley, two, 07 Jun; one, 07 Jun; four, 07 Jun; seven, 07 Jun (GCE); Romsey, one, 05 Jun; one, 07 Jun; one, 11 Jun; two, 21 Jun; two, 22 Jun (NRJ); Winter Down Copse, Little Somborne, one, 27 Jun; one, 27 Jun; one, 27 Jun (GCE); Sholing, one, 25 Jun (ARC); Wickham, one, 12 Jun; #REF!#REF!two, 26 Jun; two, 27 Jun (JRDS); Upham, one, 15 Jun (F.M.G. det. RJD); Southleigh Forest, one, 04 Jul; South Holt Farm, NF, one, 12 Jul (CGree det. OHen);

VC12: Wherwell, one, 23 Jun; Goodworth Clatford, one, 20 Jun; 10, 20 Jun; 18, 20 Jun; three, 20 Jun; Wherwell, six, 20 Jun; one, 20 Jun; five, 20 Jun (GCE); Grayshott, one, 21 Jun; two, 26 Jun; one, 02 Jul (THard); Great Haughurst Copse, Axmansford, three, 26 Jun (ACB); Bentley Green Copse, Pamber Forest, five, 24 Jun; Upper Inhams Copse, Pamber Forest, two, 17 Jun; one, 26 Jun; one, 31 Jul; one, 18 Sep; one, 21 Sep (GJD); Whitehill, Bordon, one, 03 Jun; one, 25 Jun (ASto); Hammer Vale, Woolmer, one, 03 Jun; one, 18 Jun (ASwa)

70.268 [B&F: 1944] Pale Oak Beauty Hypomecis punctinalis (Scopoli, 1763) - Common

Common in broad-leaved woodland, scrub, parks and gardens throughout much of southern England. In Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight still fairly common in deciduous woodland, but its range shows signs of contracting, especially in the New Forest. Wingspan 46-55 mm. The main confusion species is Great Oak Beauty H. roboraria, which differs in dark border to apex of underwing of forewing. Larva feeds on Oak, Birch, Hazel, Hawthorn, Apple and Sallow, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Details

VC10: Mottistone Down, one, phot 70.268-10-28Jun24-1., 28 Jun; Parkhurst Forest, one, 03 Jul (PBard); Bonchurch, one, 02 Jun; one, 03 Jun (JHa); Shanklin, one, 29 May; one, 30 May; one, 24 Jun; one, 26 Jun; one, 29 Jun; Osborne Wood, one, 01 Jul (IOu);

VC11: Mottisfont Abbey NT, nr Romsey, present, 11 May; present, 18 May; one, 28 Jun (TSto); Romsey, one, 14 May; one, 01 Jun (NRJ); Winter Down Copse, Little Somborne, one, 18 May; one, 18 May (GCE); Dibden Purlieu, NF, one, 09 May (RAC); Allbrook, one, 29 May; one, 30 May; three, 03 Jun (SIng); Fareham, one, 09 May (ADT); Pigeon House Coppice, Boarhunt, one, 12 Jul (F.M.G.); Botley, one, 26 May (SLB); Wickham, two, 20 May; one, 21 May; one, 11 Jun (JRDS); Waterlooville, one, 25 May; one, 31 May; one, 07 Jun (DWhe); Merritown Heath, two, 29 Jun (DFoo); Hurn, one, 12 May; one, 23 May; two, 25 May; one, 08 Jun (MJef);

VC12: Wherwell, one, 17 May; Goodworth Clatford, one, 20 Jun; one, 20 Jun; Wherwell, one, 12 May; Barton Stacey, one, 11 Jun (GCE); Newtown Common, present, field obs., , 25 May (iNat); Great Haughurst Copse, Axmansford, two, 28 May (ACB); Upper Inhams Copse, Pamber Forest, two, 14 May; one, 17 Jun (GJD); Whitehill, Bordon, one, 29 May; one, 29 Jun (ASto); Hammer Vale, Woolmer, one, 09 Jun (ASwa); Farnham, present, field obs., , 14 May (iNat)

70.270 [B&F: 1947] Engrailed Ectropis crepuscularia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) - Local

Common in broad-leaved woodland, hedgerows, parks and gardens throughout the British Isles. Widespread and common in Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight. Wingspan 38-45 mm. Considered traditionally to be one of a species pair separated on flight period, no consistent genitalic or genetic differences have been found and certainly on the continent, 'Engrailed' is considered to be one species, which is followed here. Larva feeds on the foliage of many different woody plants, including Sessile and Pedunculate Oak, Downy and Silver Birch, Hazel, Hawthorn, Sallow, Broom, Buckthorn, Spindle, Wild Privet and Hornbeam, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Details

VC10: Totland, one, 11 Aug (AiSmi); Freshwater, one, 05 Jul (PBard); Ningwood Common, present, 25 Jun; present, 20 Jun (HMak); Newtown, two, 26 Jun; Walter's Copse, Newtown, one, 26 Jun; Parkhurst Forest, four, 03 Jul (PBard); Whitwell Road, Ventnor, one, 29 Jun (MGT); Shanklin, one, 13 Mar; two, 17 Mar; one, 14 Jul; two, 17 Jul; eight, 23 Jul; two, 26 Jul; four, 30 Jul; Osborne Wood, three, 01 Jul; three, 28 Jul (IOu);

VC11: Linford Bottom, one, 05 Aug (CLew); Frogham, one, 07 Apr; one, 16 Jul (NTO); Hale, Fordingbridge, present, , 14 Apr (JPuz); Marchwood, one, 25 Apr (TDCh); one, 16 Jul (CTha); Copythorne, four, 19 Jul (JAda); East Tytherley, two, 27 Jul (GCE); Mottisfont Abbey NT, nr Romsey, one, 15 Jul (TSto); Romsey, one, 04 Feb; one, 19 Mar; one, 31 Mar; one, 03 Apr; two, 05 Apr; one, 06 Apr; one, 07 Apr (NRJ); Dibden Purlieu, one, 10 Jul (RAC); Itchen Valley C.P., two, 19 Jul (F.M.G.); Allbrook, one, 22 Jun; one, 30 Jul (SIng); Botley Wood, one, 05 Aug (AMD); one, 15 Mar; three, 22 Mar; one, 19 Apr (F.M.G.); Wickham, one, 26 Jun; one, 29 Jul (JRDS); Waterlooville, one, 14 Feb; one, 03 Apr; one, 30 Jun (DWhe); West Walk, five, 12 Apr (F.M.G.); Merritown Heath, one, 29 Jun (DFoo); Hurn, two, 19 Jul; one, 23 Jul; two, 24 Jul; one, 31 Jul; Hengistbury Head, one, 18 Jul; one, 10 May; one, 27 Aug (MJef); Sway, one, 12 Jul; one, 01 Sep; one, 08 Sep (SKee);

VC12: Leckford Estate, one, 02 Sep; Chilbolton, one, 02 Jul (GCE); Anna Valley, Andover, one, 30 Aug (TJN); Goodworth Clatford, one, 14 Jul; Harewood Forest, one, 14 Jul; Goodworth Clatford, two, 14 Jul (GCE); Grayshott, eight, 02 Jun (THard); Barton Stacey, one, photograph taken., 12 Jul; one, photograph taken., 29 Jun (GCE); Great Haughurst Copse, Axmansford, one, 26 Jun; three, 02 Jul; two, 19 Jul (ACB); Bentley Green Copse, Pamber Forest, two, 24 Jun; Upper Inhams Copse, Pamber Forest, eight, 26 Jun; three, 16 Jul; two, 24 Jul; two, 28 Aug; one, 01 Sep; one, 18 Sep (GJD); Hammer Vale, Woolmer, one, 09 Jul (ASwa); Farnham, dead, present, indoors, 10 Mar; present, field obs., , 10 Mar (iNat); dead, present, indoors, 21 Jul; present, , 21 Jul (Bird); Farnborough, one, 16 Jul (KBW);

70.272 [B&F: 1949] Square Spot Paradarisa consonaria (Hübner, [1799]) - Local

Local in broad-leaved woodland, scrub, parks and gardens throughout England, the main population centres being from Hampshire and the Isle of Wight to Kent, the Wye Valley and southern Cumbria. In our area, the main population centres are the central New Forest, Wickham Common / Botley Wood, and on the Isle of Wight, in the Cranmore / Ningwood Common area. Possibly declining in the north-east and around Chandlers Ford, where previously common. Wingspan 40-45 mm. The characteristic square-shaped blotch mid-way along the subterminal fascia is visible in most individuals, but obscured in some dark forms, which occur infrequently and which often have a pale central cross-band. Larva feeds on the foliage of Sessile and Pedunculate Oak, Silver and Downy Birch, Beech, Hornbeam and Yew; mid-June to mid-August, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Details

VC11: Waterlooville, one, 25 May (DWhe); West Walk, one, conf. KJW, 12 Apr (F.M.G.);

VC12: Farnham, present, field obs., , 30 Apr (iNat)

70.273 [B&F: 1950] Brindled White-spot Parectropis similaria (Hufnagel, 1767) - Local

Local in broad-leaved woodland, favouring ancient woodland in rural areas, occasionally in gardens throughout much of southern England and Wales. In Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight locally fairly common in deciduous woodland in all three vice-counties. Wingspan 33-39 mm. Fairly unmistakable. Larva feeds on Pedunculate Oak, Hazel, Hawthorn and Birch, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Details

VC10: Brook Down, one, 25 Jun (PBard);

VC11: Marchwood, one, 11 May (TDCh); Itchen Valley C.P., one, 19 Jul (F.M.G.); Allbrook, one, 03 Jun (SIng); Wickham, one, 11 Jun; two, 18 Jun; one, 25 Jun; two, 28 Jun (JRDS); Waterlooville, one, 22 May; two, 25 May; one, 02 Jun (DWhe); Southleigh Forest, two, 16 May (CGree det. HMun);

VC12: Great Haughurst Copse, Axmansford, one, 28 May (ACB)

70.274 [B&F: 1951] Grey Birch Aethalura punctulata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) - Common

Common in birch woodland and heathland throughout Britain, most numerous in south-eastern England. Widespread and fairly common in Hampshire, but scarce on the Isle of Wight, with only one record so far this century. Wingspan 30-35 mm. Small size precludes confusion with all but Dotted Carpet Alcis jubata, which is whiter, with more conspicuous black marking, and Brussels Lace Cleorodes lichenaria, which has bolder, more strongly dentate subterminal fascia. Larva feeds on Downy and Silver Birch, and Alder, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Details

VC11: Copythorne, four, 08 May (JAda); Romsey, two, 07 May; one, 11 May (MJB); one, 13 Apr; one, 30 Apr (NRJ); Dibden Purlieu, NF, one, 12 May (RAC); Eastleigh, present, field obs., , 03 Jun (iNat); Allbrook, one, 24 May (SIng); West Walk, one, 12 Apr (F.M.G.); Hurn, one, 11 May; one, 12 May; two, 14 May; Hengistbury Head, two, 10 May; three, 10 May; two, 10 May (MJef);

VC12: Upper Inhams Copse, Pamber Forest, four, 14 May (GJD); Whitehill, Bordon, one, 30 Apr; one, 07 May; one, 11 May; one, 03 Jun (ASto); Hammer Vale, Woolmer, one, 11 May; one, 12 May (ASwa); Farnborough, one, 05 May (MThmp)

70.275 [B&F: 1952] Common Heath Ematurga atomaria (Linnaeus, 1758) - Common

Common on acid heathland, moorland, grassland, woodland rides and roadside verges throughout the British Isles. In Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight very common on the heaths of the New Forest and the north-east. Wingspan 22-34 mm. Day-flying. Very variable, but only likely to be confused with Latticed Heath Chiasmia clathrata, which see; in the south a large, yellow form sometimes occurs on chalk downland and in young plantations. Larva feeds on Red Clover, White Clover and Bird's-foot Trefoil, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Details

VC11: Little Linford Inclosure, NF, one, field obs., 15 May (IHayw); Dur Hill Down, NF, two, field obs., 18 May (SPMC); Godshill, NF, present, field obs., , 20 Apr (iNat); Upper Densome Wood, Godshill, NF, one, field obs., 18 Apr (IHayw); Hampton Ridge, NF, one, field obs., 09 May (NAdd); Long Slade Bottom, NF, one, field obs., 12 May (TBum); Horseshoe Earth, NF, one, field obs., 14 Apr; Holmhill Bog, NF, two, field obs., 01 Jun; Hincheslea Bog, NF, two, field obs., 23 Jun; Blackhamsley area, NF, two, field obs., 28 Apr (SKee); Poundhill Heath, NF, present, field obs., , 24 May; present, field obs., , 24 May (RMou); Blackhamsley area, NF, one, field obs., 28 Apr (SKee); Broughton Down HIWWT NR, one, field obs., 08 Jun (BRob); present, field obs., 16 Jun (TSto); Pignal Inclosure, NF, two, field obs., 12 May (SKee); Roydon Woods HIWWT NR, NF, two, field obs., 08 Jun (KBro); Denny Wood, NF, two, 08 May (DAS); Pig Bush, NF, two, field obs., 13 Jun (NRJ); three, field obs., 15 May (NBur); Furzey Lodge, NF, three, field obs., 30 Apr (MGibs); Ipley Inclosure, NF, three, field obs., 10 May (SSto); North Gate, NF, one, 06 May; one, field obs., 16 May (TDCh); Rush Bush, NF, one, field obs., 13 Apr (SSto); St Catherine's Hill, Hurn, one, field obs., 01 Jun (JAP); Wootton Coppice Inclosure, NF, one, field obs., 18 May (SKee);

VC12: Leckford, one, field obs., 17 May (GCE); Tadley Common, three, field obs., 20 May (GHaw); Pamber Forest, one, field obs., 07 May; one, field obs., 20 May; 15, field obs., 20 May (GJD); Silchester Common, five, field obs., 25 May (TDC); Eversley Common, one, field obs., 19 May; Castle Bottom, one, field obs., 19 May (JChea); Broxhead Common, Bordon, one, field obs., 16 Jun; one, field obs., 17 Jun (AGre); Broxhead Common, 10, field obs., 08 May; one, field obs., 17 Jun (KBW); Conford Moor, one, field obs., 10 May (RAll); Ludshott Common, two, field obs., 29 Apr (KBW); Bramshott Common, one, field obs., 15 Jun (ASwa); three, field obs., 12 May; three, field obs., 17 May; seven, field obs., 20 May; two, field obs., 04 Jun (AGre); Blackbushe Airfield, two, field obs., 10 May (KBW); Foxlease Meadows, Rushmoor, one, field obs., 20 May (SPym); one, field obs., 17 May (AJB); Yateley Common, one, field obs., 07 Apr (MThmp); one, field obs., 10 Apr; 10, field obs., 07 May (KBW);

70.276 [B&F: 1954] Bordered White Bupalus piniaria (Linnaeus, 1758) - Common

Common in coniferous woodland and plantations throughout much of the British Isles. In Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight fairly common in pine woodland in all three vice-counties, though apparently never the pest it sometimes is in other parts of the country. Wingspan 34-40 mm. Unmistakable. Larva feeds on Scots Pine, Corsican Pine, Norway Spruce and European Larch, causing sufficient damage to be a serious pest in some areas, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Details

VC11: Copythorne, two, 20 May (JAda); Romsey, one, 03 Jun (MJB); Waterlooville, one, 02 Jun; one, 04 Jun (DWhe); Hurn, one, 11 May; one, 13 Jun; one, 23 Jun (MJef); Sway, one, 02 Jun (SKee);

VC12: Whitehill, Bordon, one, 29 May; one, 31 May; one, 02 Jun (ASto); Fleet, one, 09 Jun (MHals)

70.277 [B&F: 1955] Common White Wave Cabera pusaria (Linnaeus, 1758) - Common

Common in woodland, scrub and gardens throughout the British Isles. Widespread and common in Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight. Wingspan 32-35 mm. The main confusion species is Common Wave C. exanthemata, in which cross-lines are brown and curved. Larva feeds on Downy and Silver Birch, Alder and Sallow, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Summary

VC10: Earliest: Bonchurch, 12 May, 1 (JHa) Latest: Shanklin, 18 Aug, 2 (IOu) Max count: Shanklin, 29 Jun, 3 (IOu)

VC11: Earliest: Pig Bush, NF, 09 May, 1 (NRJ) Latest: Lovedean, 07 Sep, 1 (ARJa) Max count: Hengistbury Head, 10 May, 9 (MJef)

VC12: Earliest: Noar Hill HIWWT NR, Selborne, 09 May, 1 (AMD, FHay) Latest: Anna Valley, Andover, 30 Aug, 1 (TJN) Max count: Grayshott, 02 Jul, 6 (THard)

70.278 [B&F: 1956] Common Wave Cabera exanthemata (Scopoli, 1763) - Common

Common in broad-leaved, often damp, woodland throughout much of the British Isles; frequently recorded and well distributed across Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. Wingspan 30-35 mm. The main confusion species is Common White Wave C. pusaria, in which the cross-lines are straight and grey. Larva feeds on Goat Willow, Grey Willow, Aspen and Poplar, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Summary

VC10: Earliest: Ningwood Common, 09 May, 0 (HMak) Latest: Shanklin, 03 Sep, 1 (IOu) Max count: Shanklin, 01 Sep, 3 (IOu)

VC11: Earliest: Waterlooville, 04 May, 1 (DWhe) Latest: Portsmouth, 01 Sep, 1 (IRT) Max count: Blashford Lakes HIWWT NR, 31 Aug, 9 (PWhtk)

VC12: Earliest: Upper Inhams Copse, Pamber Forest, 14 May, 2 (GJD) Latest: Upper Inhams Copse, Pamber Forest, 01 Sep, 1 (GJD) Max count: Goodworth Clatford, 17 Aug, 4 (WLid, TJN, LFom)

70.279 [B&F: 1957] White-pinion Spotted Lomographa bimaculata (Fabricius, 1775) - Common

Common in woodland, scrub, hedgerows and gardens throughout England and Wales, less frequently, but increasingly, in the north. Widespread and fairly common in Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight. Wingspan 27-31 mm. Can be confused with very faded examples of Green Carpet Colostygia pectinataria. Larva feeds on Blackthorn and Hawthorn, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Details

VC10: Shanklin, two, 06 May; one, 21 May; one, 26 May; two, 30 May (IOu);

VC11: Romsey, one, 11 May (NRJ); Funtley, one, 17 May (TDC); Waterlooville, one, 14 May; one, 25 May; one, 29 May; one, 31 May (DWhe); Old Winchester Hill, one, 31 May (F.M.G.); Southleigh Forest, two, 16 May (CGree det. HMun); Hengistbury Head, one, 10 May (MJef);

VC12: Noar Hill HIWWT NR, Selborne, one, 09 May (AMD, FHay det. AMD); Blacknest, Binstead, one, 13 Apr (MAng); Hammer Vale, Woolmer, one, field obs., 30 Apr (ASwa)

70.280 [B&F: 1958] Clouded Silver Lomographa temerata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) - Common

Common in woodland, scrub, hedgerows, parks and gardens throughout England, Wales and southern Scotland. Widespread and common in Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight. Wingspan 27-34 mm. Larva feeds on Hawthorn, Blackthorn, Plum, Wild Cherry and Crab Apple, over-wintering as a pupa.

Record Summary

VC10: Earliest: Bonchurch, 28 May, 1 (JHa) Latest: Shanklin Upper Chine, 29 Jul, 1 (IOu) Max count: Brook Down, 01 Jul, 3 (PBard)

VC11: Earliest: Waterlooville, 12 May, 1 (DWhe) Latest: Sway, 13 Aug, 1 (SKee) Max count: Dibden Purlieu, NF, 03 Jun, 4 (RAC)

VC12: Earliest: Noar Hill HIWWT NR, Selborne, 09 May, 1 (AMD, FHay) Latest: Wonston, 26 Jul, 1 (GCE) Max count: Grayshott, 21 Jun, 3 (THard)

70.282 [B&F: 1960] Early Moth Theria primaria (Haworth, 1809) - Common

Common in open woodland, woodland edges, scrub and mature hedgerows throughout England, Wales and southern Scotland. In Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight common to abundant in late winter amongst hawthorn in open country and on the downs. Wingspan male 32-37 mm, female wingless. Males could be confused with Sloe Carpet Aleucis distinctata, but Early Moth has straighter distal edge of central band and females have band on vestigial wings. The flightless females may be found sitting on the leafless twigs after dark. Larva feeds on Blackthorn, Hawthorn and Midland Hawthorn.

Record Details

VC11: Frogham, one, 26 Jan (NTO); Romsey, one, 02 Feb; one, 10 Feb (NRJ); Allbrook, one, 02 Feb (SIng); Botley Wood, one, at dusk, 05 Feb (AMD); Funtley, one, 15 Feb; one, 16 Feb (TDC); Botley, one, 11 Feb (SLB); Dean, Bishop's Waltham, present, 28 Jan (CMor);

VC12: Chilbolton, two, 28 Jan (GCE); Magdalen Hill Down NR, one, at dusk, 04 Feb (AMD); Hammer Vale, Woolmer, one, 13 Feb (ASwa)

70.283 [B&F: 1961] Light Emerald Campaea margaritaria (Linnaeus, 1761) - Common

Common in broad-leaved woodland, areas with scattered trees, scrub, hedgerows, parks and gardens throughout the British Isles. Widespread and common in Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight. Wingspan 42-54 mm. Larva feeds on Pedunculate Oak, Hawthorn, Blackthorn, Hazel, Downy and Silver Birch, Elm, Sallow, Horse Chestnut, Sweet Chestnut and Beech.